Lung cancer is one of the most serious types of cancer, but catching it early can make a big difference in treatment. One of the key ways doctors’ checks for lung cancer is through a procedure called lung cancer bronchoscopy. This is a simple bronchoscopy test where a thin tube with a camera is used to look inside the airways and lungs to see if anything unusual is going on.
What is Bronchoscopy?
Bronchoscopy is a medical test that helps doctors see the inside of the lungs and airways. It involves inserting a small, flexible tube called a bronchoscope through the nose or mouth. The tube has a tiny camera that sends images to a screen, allowing the doctor to check for blockages, infections, or signs of lung cancer diagnosis.
Types of Bronchoscopies
There are two main types of bronchoscopies:
- Flexible Bronchoscopy – This is the most common type. It is done with local anaesthesia and a mild sedative to keep the patient comfortable.
- Rigid Bronchoscopy – This is used in special cases where larger airway blockages or tumors need to be removed. It requires general anaesthesia.
How is Bronchoscopy Used for Lung Cancer?
Bronchoscopy procedure helps in different ways when diagnosing and treating lung cancer:
1. Spotting Tumors or Growths
The camera in the bronchoscope allows the doctor to see any unusual growths inside the airways that may be cancerous.
2. Taking a Sample (Biopsy)
A bronchoscopy test can also help doctors collect small tissue samples from the lungs for testing. This can be done in different ways:
- Direct Biopsy – Taking a sample from a visible growth inside the airway.
- Deep Tissue Biopsy – Collecting samples from deeper inside the lung.
- Lung Wash (BAL) – Flushing a small amount of liquid into the lungs and suctioning it back to check for cancer cells or infections.
- Ultrasound-Guided Biopsy (EBUS) – Using sound waves to guide the biopsy for better accuracy.
3. Checking Cancer Spread
If lung cancer is found, doctors use bronchoscopy to see if it has spread to the lymph nodes or other parts of the lung.
4. Treating Blocked Airways
Sometimes, lung cancer can block the airways, making it hard to breathe. Bronchoscopy can help by removing blockages, placing a small tube (stent) to keep the airway open, or using laser therapy to shrink tumors.
What Happens During a Bronchoscopy?
Before the Procedure:
- You may need to avoid eating or drinking for a few hours before the test.
- A mild sedative or anesthesia may be given to help you relax.
During the Procedure:
- The doctor will gently insert the bronchoscope through your nose or mouth.
- They will examine the airways and collect samples if needed.
- The procedure usually takes 30-60 minutes.
After the Procedure:
- You might have a mild sore throat or cough for a short time.
- Most people can return to normal activities within a day.
- Test results are usually available within a few days.
Are There Any Risks?
Bronchoscopy is generally safe, but some minor risks include:
- Mild bleeding if a biopsy is taken
- Temporary shortness of breath
- Sore throat or hoarseness
- Rare chance of infection
How Bronchoscopy Helps in Lung Cancer Treatment
Besides diagnosing lung cancer, bronchoscopy also helps in choosing the right treatment. By studying the cancer cells, doctors can decide if treatments like chemotherapy, targeted therapy, or immunotherapy will work best.
Conclusion
Bronchoscopy is an important tool for detecting and managing lung cancer. It helps doctors get a clear picture of what’s happening inside the lungs and choose the best treatment plan. If you or someone you know is being tested for lung cancer diagnosis, a bronchoscopy test could be a key step in diagnosis and care.
If you have concerns about lung health, reach out to a lung specialist for expert advice!
