Lung cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide, and India is no exception. Early detection of lung cancer through screening can make a huge difference in survival rates. But how do you know if you need a screening, and why is it so important? Let’s break it down in simple terms.

What is Lung Cancer Screening?

Lung cancer screening is a test used to find early signs of cancer in people who don’t have symptoms. The most common screening method is a low-dose CT scan, which uses X-rays to take detailed pictures of the lungs. This test helps doctors detect problems early when the cancer is easier to treat.

Why is Lung Cancer Screening Important?

In India, lung cancer is often diagnosed at a late stage when it’s harder to treat. The good news is that early detection can save lives. Screening helps find lung cancer before symptoms develop, which can increase the chances of successful treatment. The earlier lung cancer is detected, the better the chance of survival.

Who Should Get Screened for Lung Cancer?

Not everyone needs lung cancer screening. It is typically recommended for people who are at higher risk. In India, the main risk factor for lung cancer is smoking, but other factors like exposure to pollution and family history also play a role. You should consider getting screened if:

  • You are between 50 and 80 years old
  • You have a history of heavy smoking, meaning:
    • You’ve smoked for 20 years or more (for example, 1 pack per day for 20 years)
    • You are currently smoking or quit smoking in the last 15 years
  • You don’t have any symptoms like a persistent cough, shortness of breath, or chest pain (symptoms mean you need immediate medical attention, not screening)

If you’re unsure, talk to your doctor. They can help decide if screening is right for you.

Who Should Not Get Screened?

Lung cancer screening is not for everyone. It is not recommended if:

  • You are under 50 and don’t have a significant smoking history
  • You have serious health problems or are not expected to live for more than 5-10 years (screening is meant to help those who can benefit from early treatment)
  • You have symptoms of lung cancer, like a cough that doesn’t go away, weight loss, or trouble breathing—these need immediate treatment, not screening.

What Happens During a Lung Cancer Screening?

The screening itself is quick and simple. You’ll have a low-dose CT scan which takes detailed images of your lungs. The test is painless and takes only a few minutes. The radiation from the scan is very low, so it’s safer than other types of scans. If the scan shows something suspicious, your doctor might recommend more tests or follow-ups.

What Are the Risks of Lung Cancer Screening?

While screening can help detect cancer early, there are some risks to be aware of:

  • False positives: The scan might show something that looks like cancer but isn’t. This can lead to unnecessary tests and anxiety.
  • Overdiagnosis: Some cancers detected through screening may never grow or cause harm. Treating these cancers unnecessarily can lead to side effects from treatment.
  • Radiation: Even though the radiation is low, there’s still a small risk from repeated CT scans over time.

These risks are why it’s important to talk to your doctor and see if the benefits of screening outweigh the risks for you.

How Often Should You Get Screened?

For those who meet the criteria, annual screening is usually recommended. However, your doctor will guide you on how often you should get the test based on your health and risk factors.

How to Reduce Your Risk of Lung Cancer

Screening can help find lung cancer early, but prevention is even better. Here are a few ways to lower your risk:

  • Quit smoking: This is the single most important thing you can do. If you’ve never smoked, don’t start. If you do smoke, get help to quit.
  • Avoid secondhand smoke: Stay away from places where people smoke. Breathing in other people’s smoke can increase your risk.
  • Protect yourself from air pollution: India’s air quality can be poor, especially in big cities. If you live in a highly polluted area, try to stay indoors on days when pollution is high, or wear a mask.
  • Exercise and eat healthy: Staying active and eating a balanced diet with plenty of fruits and vegetables can help keep your lungs healthy.